Lesson 6 of 8 · All lessons in this module
  1. Present value and discount (zero-coupon) bondsVideo lesson
  2. Coupon bonds and perpetual bonds
  3. Level-payment instruments: mortgages and amortizing loansVideo lesson
  4. Valuing shares with dividend discount models
  5. Implied returns on bonds
  6. Required return, implied growth and the P/E ratio
  7. Cash flow additivity, no arbitrage and forward rates
  8. No-arbitrage pricing of FX forwards and options

Lesson 6 of 8 · 14 min

Required return, implied growth and the P/E ratio

A share price embeds a joint view on return and growth: in the Gordon model, r = dividend yield + g, so knowing one lets you back out the other.

In short

  • Implied (required) return: r=D1/P0+gr = D_1/P_0 + g, the expected dividend yield plus growth.
  • Implied growth: g=r−D1/P0g = r - D_1/P_0, or with only D0D_0: g=(rP0−D0)/(P0+D0)g = (rP_0 - D_0)/(P_0 + D_0).
  • Divide the Gordon model by earnings: forward P0/E1=(D1/E1)/(r−g)P_0/E_1 = (D_1/E_1)/(r-g), where D/ED/E is the payout ratio.
  • Forward P/E rises with the payout ratio and with g, and falls with r.
  • A price or P/E pins down only r − g. Compare implied growth with your own forecast to judge over- or undervaluation.

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